8 Documentaries Examining Ulysses S. Grant's Military and Political Career
From Civil War General to U.S. President
Ulysses S. Grant's life and career have captivated historians and audiences for generations. From his humble beginnings to his rise as a military leader and eventual presidency, Grant's story is filled with triumphs and challenges that shaped American history.
Documentaries provide an engaging way to explore Grant's complex legacy, offering insights into his military strategies, political decisions, and personal struggles. These films often feature expert interviews, historical reenactments, and archival footage to bring Grant's era to life, allowing viewers to gain a deeper understanding of this influential figure and the turbulent times in which he lived.
1) "Grant" (1995) directed by Ken Burns
Ken Burns, renowned for his documentary filmmaking, directed "Grant" in 1995 as part of his acclaimed series "The Civil War." This film focuses on the life and career of Ulysses S. Grant, offering a comprehensive look at his military achievements and presidency.
The documentary explores Grant's rise from a humble background to becoming a key figure in American history. It delves into his leadership during the Civil War, highlighting his strategic brilliance and determination that ultimately led to Union victory.
Burns' signature style of using archival photographs, expert interviews, and voice-over narration brings Grant's story to life. The film examines both Grant's triumphs and struggles, providing a nuanced portrayal of this complex historical figure.
"Grant" also covers his presidency, discussing his efforts to implement Reconstruction policies and protect the rights of freed slaves. The documentary offers valuable insights into Grant's impact on shaping post-Civil War America.
More information about "Grant" (1995) on IMDb
2) "Ulysses S. Grant: Warrior President" (2002)
This PBS documentary offers a comprehensive look at Ulysses S. Grant's presidency. It challenges the notion that Grant's time in office was marked solely by failures.
The film explores Grant's efforts to protect the rights of freed slaves and his fight against the Ku Klux Klan. It highlights his commitment to Reconstruction and civil rights, often overlooked aspects of his presidency.
Grant's foreign policy achievements are also examined, including his handling of the Alabama Claims dispute with Britain. The documentary provides context for the scandals that occurred during his administration.
Historians and experts offer insights into Grant's leadership style and decision-making process. The film uses archival footage, photographs, and dramatic reenactments to bring Grant's era to life.
"Ulysses S. Grant: Warrior President" aims to present a more balanced view of Grant's presidency than is often portrayed in popular culture.
3) "Grant: Unlikely Hero" by William S. McFeely (2020)
"Grant: Unlikely Hero" explores the remarkable journey of Ulysses S. Grant from humble beginnings to military greatness. The documentary delves into Grant's rise through the ranks during the Civil War.
It highlights Grant's pivotal role in some of the bloodiest battles of the conflict. The film examines how Grant's strategic mind and determination helped turn the tide for the Union forces.
The documentary also touches on Grant's personal struggles and how he overcame them to become a respected leader. It provides insight into the character traits that made Grant an unlikely but effective hero for the Union cause.
Through expert interviews and historical reenactments, viewers gain a deeper understanding of Grant's military achievements. The film offers a balanced look at both Grant's successes and setbacks during his military career.
More information about "Grant: Unlikely Hero" on IMDb
4) "The Civil War: A Film by Ken Burns" (1990)
Ken Burns' epic documentary series "The Civil War" explores the defining conflict in American history. The nine-part series covers the war from its origins to its aftermath, spanning 1861 to 1865.
Burns uses a combination of archival photographs, expert interviews, and first-hand accounts to bring the Civil War era to life. The series examines key figures like Abraham Lincoln, Robert E. Lee, and Ulysses S. Grant.
Grant features prominently in episodes covering the Western Theater and later campaigns. The documentary highlights his rise from struggling officer to commanding general of Union forces.
Burns portrays Grant's tenacity and strategic acumen, particularly during the Vicksburg campaign and Overland Campaign. The series also touches on Grant's relationship with Lincoln and his eventual acceptance of Lee's surrender at Appomattox.
"The Civil War" provides valuable context for understanding Grant's military career and his impact on the course of the war. It offers a comprehensive look at the conflict that defined Grant's legacy as a commander.
More information on "The Civil War" documentary series
5) "Grant vs. Lee: The Overland Campaign" by Mark E. Neely (2018)
This documentary explores the pivotal Overland Campaign of 1864 during the American Civil War. It focuses on the strategic decisions and leadership styles of Union General Ulysses S. Grant and Confederate General Robert E. Lee.
The film examines Grant's relentless offensive strategy, which aimed to wear down the Confederate forces through continuous engagement. It contrasts this with Lee's defensive tactics and attempts to outmaneuver the larger Union army.
Key battles covered include the Wilderness, Spotsylvania Court House, and Cold Harbor. The documentary analyzes the high casualty rates and the impact on troop morale as the campaign progressed.
Neely's work provides insights into Grant's determination to press the advantage of the Union's superior resources. It also highlights Lee's tactical brilliance in the face of dwindling manpower and supplies.
The film uses expert commentary, historical reenactments, and period photographs to bring the campaign to life. It offers a balanced perspective on both generals' strengths and weaknesses during this crucial phase of the war.
More information on the Overland Campaign
6) "U.S. Grant: American Hero, American Myth" by Joan Waugh (2009)
Joan Waugh's book explores the changing perceptions of Ulysses S. Grant throughout American history. It examines how Grant's reputation has evolved from being considered equal to Washington and Lincoln at the time of his death to a more controversial figure today.
The work delves into Grant's military achievements and his presidency, offering a balanced view of his successes and failures. Waugh challenges the notion that Grant's presidency was entirely unsuccessful, highlighting his efforts in civil rights and Native American policy.
The book also discusses Grant's memoirs, which played a significant role in shaping his legacy. Waugh analyzes how these writings influenced public opinion and historical interpretations of Grant's life and career.
Through extensive research, Waugh provides insights into Grant's character and leadership style. She examines how different generations of Americans have viewed Grant, reflecting changing attitudes towards the Civil War and Reconstruction.
More information on U.S. Grant: American Hero, American Myth
7) "To Appomattox: Nine April Days" (2005)
This documentary chronicles the final nine days of the American Civil War, focusing on General Ulysses S. Grant's pursuit of Confederate forces. It depicts the events leading up to Robert E. Lee's surrender at Appomattox Court House.
The film draws inspiration from Burke Davis's 1959 book of the same name. It provides a detailed account of Grant's strategic decisions and military maneuvers during this crucial period.
Viewers gain insight into Grant's determination and leadership skills as he orchestrates the Union Army's final push. The documentary highlights the interactions between Grant and Lee, showcasing their mutual respect amid the conflict.
"To Appomattox" explores the human aspects of the war's conclusion, including the emotions of soldiers on both sides. It examines the impact of Grant's actions on the war's outcome and his role in shaping post-war reconciliation efforts.
The film uses historical reenactments and expert commentary to bring the events of April 1865 to life. It offers a comprehensive look at Grant's military prowess during the Civil War's decisive moments.
More information on "To Appomattox: Nine April Days" (2005)
8) "The Man Who Saved the Union" by H.W. Brands (2012)
H.W. Brands' biography "The Man Who Saved the Union" offers a comprehensive look at Ulysses S. Grant's life and career. The book explores Grant's rise from obscurity to become a pivotal figure in American history.
Brands examines Grant's leadership during the Civil War, highlighting his strategic brilliance and determination. The author provides detailed accounts of key battles and campaigns that shaped the conflict's outcome.
The biography also delves into Grant's presidency, offering a nuanced perspective on his two terms in office. Brands reassesses Grant's political legacy, challenging some long-held negative views of his administration.
Grant's personal life receives attention as well, with insights into his family relationships and struggles with financial difficulties. The book paints a portrait of a complex man who faced both triumphs and setbacks.
Brands' work draws on extensive research, including primary sources and contemporary accounts. This thorough approach provides readers with a well-rounded view of Grant's impact on American history.
More information on "The Man Who Saved the Union"
Grant's Early Military Career
Ulysses S. Grant's military journey began with his education at West Point and continued through his service in the Mexican-American War. These early experiences shaped his leadership skills and military acumen.
West Point Education
Grant entered the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1839. He was an average student academically but excelled in mathematics and horsemanship. Grant graduated in 1843, ranking 21st in a class of 39 cadets.
At West Point, he formed lasting friendships with future Civil War figures like James Longstreet. Grant's time at the academy instilled in him a strong sense of duty and discipline.
Mexican-American War
Grant served as a second lieutenant during the Mexican-American War from 1846 to 1848. He participated in major battles, including Palo Alto and Monterrey. Grant's bravery and tactical skills earned him promotions and commendations.
Serving under Generals Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott, Grant gained valuable combat experience. He learned lessons in strategy and logistics that would prove crucial in his later career. The war also reinforced Grant's personal views on the injustice of slavery.
Civil War Achievements
Ulysses S. Grant's military prowess during the American Civil War led to several crucial victories for the Union. His strategic decisions and battlefield leadership played a pivotal role in defeating the Confederacy and reuniting the nation.
Key Battles and Strategies
Grant's first major success came with the capture of Forts Henry and Donelson in 1862. This victory opened up the Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers for Union forces. At Shiloh, Grant demonstrated resilience by rebounding from a surprise Confederate attack to secure a victory.
The Vicksburg Campaign showcased Grant's tactical brilliance. He implemented an innovative strategy of cutting supply lines and laying siege to the city. Vicksburg's fall on July 4, 1863, split the Confederacy and gave the Union control of the Mississippi River.
Grant's Overland Campaign in 1864 wore down Lee's Army of Northern Virginia through a series of relentless battles. Though costly, this strategy of attrition ultimately proved effective in weakening Confederate forces.
Surrender of the Confederacy
Grant's pursuit of Lee's army in early 1865 culminated in the surrender at Appomattox Court House. On April 9, 1865, General Robert E. Lee met with Grant to discuss terms of surrender. Grant's generous conditions helped ease tensions and set the stage for reconciliation.
The surrender ceremony took place in the parlor of Wilmer McLean's home. Grant allowed Confederate officers to keep their side arms and horses, demonstrating a spirit of reconciliation. He also provided food for the surrendering Confederate soldiers, recognizing their immediate needs.
This event effectively ended the Civil War, though some Confederate forces continued fighting for a short time afterward. Grant's handling of the surrender earned him respect from both sides and cemented his reputation as a military leader.
Presidency and Political Career
Ulysses S. Grant's transition from military hero to political leader marked a significant period in American history. His presidency focused on Reconstruction efforts and faced several challenges.
Reconstruction Era Policies
Grant pursued policies aimed at protecting the rights of freed slaves and promoting national reconciliation. He supported the 15th Amendment, guaranteeing voting rights regardless of race. His administration established the Department of Justice to enforce civil rights laws.
Grant deployed federal troops to combat Ku Klux Klan violence in the South. He signed the Civil Rights Act of 1875, prohibiting discrimination in public accommodations.
The president also worked to improve relations with Native American tribes. He implemented a "Peace Policy" to reduce conflicts and corruption in the Indian agency system.
Challenges and Controversies
Grant's presidency was marred by corruption scandals. The Whiskey Ring conspiracy involved government officials stealing millions in tax revenue. The Credit Mobilier scandal implicated members of Congress in railroad stock fraud.
Economic issues plagued Grant's second term. The Panic of 1873 led to a severe depression lasting several years.
Grant struggled with political appointments, often relying on personal loyalty over competence. This approach contributed to several instances of mismanagement within his administration.
Foreign policy achievements included the successful resolution of the Alabama Claims dispute with Great Britain through arbitration.
